Water has a very high specific heat.
Every gram can soak up approx four joules of energy for only a one degree rise.
Take five litres per minute of flow, and some maths shows this is approx 80 grams per second whizzing through the block.
Watts is also a "per second" measurement, being joules per second.
So, a CPU dumping 80W is dumping 80 joules per second.
So, each gram of water is responsible for soaking up one joule of energy.
Flip back to the opening sentence, and you'll see an increase of only approx 1/4 of one degree.
This is within the loop. The operating temperature of the CPU is set by the operating temperature of the coolant. This is determined by how hot the coolant has to be relative to the ambient air for the radiator (bong, tec, fridge, water cooler, whatever) to be able to loose the same energy as entering the system.
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