The head would be (I believe) the sum of all the individual resistances. So assuming that you have barbs on the pump, the res/air trap, the radiator, and the water block then there still is an advantage to using 5/8" barbs wherever possible coupled with 1/2" tubing. Doesn't the head get affected by the diameter of the tubing as well? I would think the inside walls would provide some resistance to flow.
You are also operating under the assumption that 1/4" NPT barbs must be left stock. In fact they can be drilled out substantially so that their ID is much closer to 1/2" than it is to 3/8".
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