ECUPirate,
There's no way to tell exactly which voltage will cause a failure, it just depends on the components. In general though, anything that is more than 5% off, is potential for trouble (i.e. erratic operation). Nothing should get damaged as a result though (except maybe for a few lost sectors on a hard drive, but that's still highly unlikely). You've already encountered the type of trouble you can expect.
5%:
12V line: min 11.4, max 12.6
5V line: min 4.75, max 5.25
3.3 line: min 3.14, max 3.47
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