The Qmax spec of a TEC is the amount of heat it can pump with zero temperature difference from coldside to hotside.
The dTmax spec is maximum temperature difference between coldside and hotside with no heatload. (at some standard hotside temperature like 25C)
The operating point when cooling a CPU will be somewhere between these extremes. The more heat the TEC is pumping, the lower the dT between coldside and hotside.
So, for any given heatload, a TEC with a higher Qmax should achieve a higher dT when pumping that heatload than a TEC with a lower Qmax.
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