Very unspecific,
a link to one or more of your cited papers would be useful.
BTW, i've read enough papers to have a good overview.
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Jets develop fully over about a 4d distance. Less than this and what tends to occur is a concentrated "mash" of turbulent water striking the base.
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What is wrt to kinetic energy the disadvantage of that 'mash'?
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Also, while the jet travelling down will lose a small amount of power due to the distance travelled, it also becomes more turbulent (or so it is hypothesised in scientific papers) and this leads to greater thermal efficiency.
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While leaving the nozzle the jet has more turbulent flow,
while being a open jet it tends to develop a laminar flow
given the lesser friction in the free fluid.
Depends on different factors,
so this should not be in contradiction to your citations.
IMO the main turbulence is caused by fluid hitting the bottom,
not by the jets flow characteristic.
As long the fluid can escape with low restriction from
the impingment zone the design goal is reached.
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Again, search through google.
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Sorry,
being myself a 'scientist' (graduated in biology),
it is common practise that the one who cites is in the due to give the origin of his citations.
Everything else is BillA-Style or Kindergarten. ;-)
(Means: I'm not a dumbas noob who has to be educated using the forum)
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There are many studies of the jet distance vs efficiency effect, and every single scientific paper I read found that getting less than 4d in height results in a performance drop off, hitting a peak plateau between 4-5d (different papers differ on the exact best distance) and then dropping off after that.
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Ok,
accepting that as a fact for moment (or infinity ;-) ) ,
there are many factors to be included,
like secondary motion of the fluid after hitting the bottom,
the distance and heigth of the walls (if any there),
and wether the nozzle is a pipe-like structure like yours,
causing fluid can be flowing from 'behind'the nozzle
or a nozzle being 'build in' the upper plate.
I look forward for that paper which addresses the specific conditions like presented in th 'Cascade'-Design.
Keep in mind that i don't dipute your design
but looking for a good explanation of its characteristic dimensions.
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