1. In my opinion, 5 LPM is a good target flow rate. That's "litres" people, as in the 20th century base ten measurement. You poor people stuck back in the 19th century, using base {anything} for measurements will keep getting confused. There are even multiple definitions of how much a gallon is. US = 3.785, English = 4.545 and then I think there are multiple versions of gallons anyway. Assuming standard US definition, 18 LPM (5 GPM) is HUGE, way too much.
My rule of thumb is:
Flow <= 1.0 LPM = too small, try again. Throw the pump out, or at least check for restrictions and kinks.
1.0 LPM < Flow < 3 LPM = acceptable, but borderline. Should have gone for a better pump
3.0 LPM < Flow < 8 LPM = Sweet spot
9.0 LPM < Flow < 10 LPM = acceptable, but borderline. What gains has the expensive pump got?
10 LPM < Flow = What are you trying to acheive here?
I will gladly accept donations of an entire model-range of a manufacturers pumps to test it out....
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