Ugh... sounds like the supply isn't big enough to drive it. What fuse did it pop? Seems like it's only pulling a few amps, so as long as everything else that is plugged into the same circuit (assuming it poped the circuit breaker....) isn't drawing too much (ie, no A/C, computer, big monitor(s), etc) things should be ok... hmm. Not quite sure what it means, but sounds like you'll need another supply
I got a pair of giant rack mount linear supplies (48V @ 5 Amps each) for $2 each, plus shipping ($20 each for shipping). Might try something like that.... I would say that if you built the supply or if it was a VERY simple, custom-built one (like how I built mine in my article..) you could just change the transformer to a larger one that could handle more current. I'm not saying you couldn't do that now, but you'd have to be really careful about the health of the other components.. they might not be made to have more current pass through them, etc.. and watch out for the capacitors if you do (although I'd be tempted not to)... big caps like that can store a hell of a lot of charge... scary. Check ebay for some cheap 24v supplies. Sorry, dunno what else to say... other than try to keep the power supply and peltier on another, empty circuit and see how much input power you can give it without poping the breaker (or drawing too much current, etc).
Good luck!
Rich W.