> but the LM723. In addition it does not have 24vdc input, but
> rather 24vac input
They usually do . The circuit you buy is to rectify, regulate and filter de AC signal to a DC signal.
The transformer alone output at leads always an AC signal (in that case 24v AC) . Part of the transformer job is to reduce the amplitude of the 110v / 220v signal.
http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM723.html
It's the datasheet. It reads 150mA output current. But the datasheet , however, says it can support more, by regulating a power transistor, instead of direct output.
There's a Darlington type transistor attached to the heatsink (if I'm not mistaken) , if you check the picture of the circuit (that, as far as I can see, hasnt changed), so it checks out. It'll still do what you want

.
> this: 24V CT 3A POWER TRANSFORMER.
Like i said above, AC. It looks good anyway, and not very big.
I've got
one that looks like king kong, and weights a ton.